Hydraulic Turbines

M.V. Sai Ram AP17110020010 Branch: ECE Here some of the problems I faced in the research of the hydraulic turbines. Effect of blade numbers on slip factor of hydraulic turbine: The change curve of slip factor is shown when the blade numbers change at the design condition . With the increase in blade numbers, the slip factor within centripetal impeller is gradually increased, and the rate of increase is gradually decreased. Therefore, with the increase in blade numbers, the slip value within centripetal impeller is gradually decreased. The main reason is that function of restriction of blade gradually strengthens for fluid with the increase in blade numbers; it leads to the slip value within centripetal impeller being gradually decreased.Effect of entrance width of centripetal impeller on slip factor of hydraulic turbine. The hydraulic efficiency of a turbine excludes friction losses on the outside of the runner, leakage loss of water that does not pass through the runner blades and mechanical friction losses. The hydraulic efficiency of a well-designed turbine is 98-99%.Can interaction occur between the electric power system and the hydraulic system for this frequency range.Velocity and pressure are highly sensitive to the operation conditions. It has been found that the stresses in the trailing edge of the runner blade near the crown reach a critical state in all operating points.Abstract:A set of empirical has been developed which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve for hydraulic turbines as a function commissioning date for the unit ,rated flow, runner speed, and throat or impulse turbine jet diameter.The aim of this investigation was to develop an environmentally friendly nano-hydraulic turbine utilizing waterfalls. A model of an impulse type hydraulic turbine constructed and tested with an indoor type waterfall to arrive at an optimum installation condition. Effects of an installation parameter, namely distance between the rotor and the waterfall on the power performance were studied. The flow field around the rotor was examined visually to clarify influences of installation conditions on the flow field. The flow visualization showed differences of flow pattern around the rotor by the change of flow rate and rotational speed of the rotor.Every single turbine is custom-designed specifically to meet the requirements of a hydroelectric power plant. Performance of a designed turbine is validated, to some extent, by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Field performance testing of hydraulic turbines is undertaken to define the head-power-discharge relationship that identifies the peak operating point of the turbine. This relationship is essential for the efficient operation of a hydraulic turbine.The art of hydraulic turbine design never stands still but always progresses. In recent years major emphasis has been on the materials of construction and on such features of design as will reduce maintenance work and costly outages in the field.LimitationsHydro power plant or we can say that hydraulic turbines are widely used from the last decades. It is an efficient renewable energy source. There are many up and downs. Hence there Some limitations as shown in below,It is a renewable energy source. Water energy can be used again and again.the running cost of turbine or less compare to other.It has high efficiency.It does not pollute environment.It is to maintain.Importance: Here the importance of hydraulic turbine and their uses Turbines are used for hydropower generation. There are basically two types of hydraulic turbines, the first one is impulse and the second one is reaction type turbines. Impulse turbinesThe use of hydraulic turbines for the generation of power has a very strong historical tradition. The first truly effective inward flow reaction turbine was developed and tested by Francis. Modern Francis turbines have developed into very different forms from the original, but they all retain the concept of radial inward flow(Aradag,2018)Hydraulic turbines are not only used to convert hydraulic energy into electricity but also in pumped storage schemes, which is the most efficient large-scale technology available for the storage of electrical energy. Separate pumps and turbines or reversible machines, so called pump turbines, are used in such schemes.(Gordon,2010)The efficient application of advanced CFD is of great practical importance, as the design of hydraulic turbines is customtailored for each project. a CFD-based design method is used to obtain the runner blade shape and characteristics. The hydraulic turbine used to convert the potential energy of water to mechanical energy. Flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades. Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a distance is the definition of work). In this way, energy is transferred from the flowing water to the turbine.(Guangtai,2015) In Francis turbines, water enters the turbine runner in the radial direction and leaves axially. The main parts of a Francis turbine are spiral case, stationary vanes, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube, as shown in Figure 1. The flowrate and accordingly the produced power are adjusted by the guide vanes. The spiral case regulates the velocity profile entering the turbine, whereas the stationary vanes provide the mechanical strength.3 The most critical part of the turbine, runner, converts the water energy to mechanical energy and rotates the generator(Aradag,2018)A new design of main bearing and carbon seal ring for vertical-shaft Francis turbines provides a bearing immersed in an oil bath covering about one-third of its vertical length. Properly slanted and shaped oil grooves provide for self lubrication, thereby eliminating the troubles usually associated with mechanical lubrication. (Rheingans,1948)Research:The research I have done based on the hydraulic turbines and power plant design. The goals in the development of an optimal water turbine with high efficiency. Can interaction occur between the electric power system and the hydraulic system for this frequency range. Hydraulic turbines of hydroelectric power plants are designed and manufactured according to the head and discharge parameters of a specific plant. Each hydroelectric power plant is different and requires a custom-designed turbine for better performance.Francis-type hydraulic turbines : In Francis turbines, water enters the turbine runner in the radial direction and leaves axially. The main parts of a Francis turbine are spiral case, stationary vanes, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. The flowrate and accordingly the produced power are adjusted by the guide vanes. The spiral case regulates the velocity profile entering the turbine, whereas the stationary vanes provide the mechanical strength.The most critical part of the turbine, runner, converts the water energy to mechanical energy and rotates the generator. The principal feature of a reaction turbine that distinguishes it from an impulse turbine is that only a part of the total head available at the inlet to the turbine is converted to velocity head, before the runner is reached. Also in the reaction turbines the working fluid, instead of engaging only one or two blades, completely fills the passages in the runner. The pressure or static head of the fluid changes gradually as it passes through the runner along with the change in its kinetic energy based on absolute velocity due to the impulse action between the fluid and the runner. Description Reference List: Brekke,H.(January 08,2010).Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines,12(1),1-11,Beijing, China. Retrieved: 9 March 2018http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/12/1/012061Gordon,J.L.(December 18,2001).Hydraulic Turbine Efficiency,28(2),238-253,CanadianJournal of Civil Engineering. Retrieved: 10 March 2018http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/l00-102#.Wqgl0ehuZPZGuangtai,S.Xiaobing,L.Junhu,Y.Senchun,M.Jicheng,Li.(Juli,2015).heoretical research ofhydraulic turbine performance based on slip factor within centripetal impeller,7(7),1-9.Retrieved: 11 March 2018https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814015593864Ikeda,T.Tatsuno,k(January 03,2010).Performance of Nano-hydraulic turbine utilizingwaterfalls,35(1),168.Retrieved : 10 March 2018https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222577757_Performance_of_nano-hydraulic_turbine_utilizing_waterfallsKavurmaci,B.Celebioglu,K.Aradag,S.Tascioglu,Y.(June 29,2018),50(3),70-73Model Testing of Francis-Type Hydraulic Turbines . Tobb University of Economics andTechnology, Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved: 7 March 2018https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294017702284Manness,J.Doering,j(March 26,2005).An improved model for predicting the efficiency ofhydraulic propeller turbines,32(5),789-795, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. Retrieved:9 March 2018http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/l05-029#.Wqh9suhuZPYhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6444369/authorRudd, F.O. (July 01,1965).Hydraulic Turbine Setting Criteria,87(3),295-298.Technical Engineering Branch Analysis Branch. Retrieved: 5 March 2018http://gasturbinespower.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1416900

Christian and Islamic Art Essay

Christian and Islamic Art The difference between Islamic art and Christian art is that Christian art is of human objects and forms while Islamic art portrays the meaning and reflection of things. Unlike Christian art, people do not appear on Islamic art. Unlike Christian art, Islam art does not include pictures and statues of Prophets and Gods. Christian art however, brings religious forms and images to life. It represents spiritual beliefs through illustrated scenes from the life of Jesus. It gives us images of biblical episodes and even carries on stories and images of those now deceased. The Catacombs (Christian burials) represents the final resting place for Christians. It represents ultimate love, sacrifice and triumph. When I first entered into the Catacombs of Rome, I remember walking down into the catacomb and feeling bit nervous as I was surrounded by darkness. It was dark, humid, smelly and yet, so beautiful! There were religious carvings on the inside that almost looked like chalk drawings. The clearest memory I have is visiting the section where the martyrs were buried and putting myself in their position. Would I have been so brave? In Islam, calligraphy is a major Islamic art form. Writing, books, geometry and patterns are most important. In Islam art, geography reflects the language of the world and most importantly, it reflects their spiritualism. A circle for example has no end and represents infinity. It represents never ending love. For Islam, the circle is a reminder that Allah is infinite. My Muslim brother-in-law, born in Lebanon, doesn’t take pictures and explained to that in his culture, taking pictures of living forms is forbidden. They can take pictures of objects, but not of pets or humans. Of course, in my culture we save pictures for memory keepsakes. After 7 years of marriage, he agreed to take a family picture with my sister and their three sons. It was a huge sacrifice in his part but this also explains how art, religion and culture have an influence on each other.

My Role as a Nurse in Canada

Collaboration implies working together for the greater good, but it actually encompasses far more. Several preconditions must be in place in order for collaboration to be successful. As a nurse in a health care setting, collaboration is very important to facilitate better patient outcomes. During my practice in the hospital communication is vital for collaborative nursing to be successful. Team work is the key for all staff member. Working together requires communication. As healthcare professionals, we need to look at the whole picture and meet all of the needs of our patients.As nurses, it is essential that we give up some power and trust that other members of the team are just as important in providing comprehensive, quality care. With that in mind, we will always do what is best for our patients, even when that means relinquishing some control. In my experience I rely on the nursing aids as my eyes and ears because they are in the frontline but maintaining professional roles. In the role of teacher, I am frequently asked health, medication and growth and development questions.He or she also often provides additional details on a diagnosis not quite understood by patient or family members, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to restore or maintain their health. I assess the client’s learning needs and readiness to learn, sets specific learning goals in conjunction with the client, enacts teaching strategies and measures learning. Another form of role is a Nurse educator, combine clinical expertise and a passion for teaching into rich and rewarding careers.These professionals, who work in the classroom and the practice setting, are responsible for preparing and mentoring current and future generations of nurses. I have been in the academe for 4 years as a Nurse educators I have a pivotal role in strengthening the nursing workforce, serving as role models and providing the leadership neede d to implement evidence-based practice. As a nurse educator I express a high degree of satisfaction with my work. Watching future nurses grow in confidence and skill as the most rewarding aspects of this job. The nurse is a caregiver first and foremost.Nurse Caregiver is the one who give love and care to the people that need someone that can care not only physical and also the emotional and also the love that needed of the people with special needs and also to the aged person. I can definitely relate to this role because I have been a care giver before and it gives me much fulfillment as a nurse to see someone smiles and give gratitude for the tender loving care that you give them. Counselling is a process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems, to developed improved interpersonal relationships, and to promote personal growth.It involves providing emotional, intellectual, and psychological support. In my practice as a nurse I encoun tered lots of situation wherein a patient or family member needed counselling regarding health related issues. As a counsellor I give information regarding their health related issues and assess how effective are the patient coping with it, based on my assessment that I patterned my intervention. Sometimes the nurse must serve as patient advocate in helping loved ones make difficult decisions. Providing education and detailed information regarding treatment options is only the beginning.The nurse asks for input from patient and families. That, in addition, to his/her own observations about each patient – and the knowledge from caring for hundreds of other patients – allows the nurse to best create an individualized care plan. As a Client advocate I acts to protect the client. In this role the nurse i represent the client’s needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client’s wishes for information to the physician. I also assist c lients in exercising their rights and help them speak up for themselves. Communication is an integral to all nursing roles.Nurses communicate with the client, support persons, other health professionals, and people in the community. In the role of communicator, nurses identify client problems and then communicate these verbally or in writing to other members of the health team. The quality of a nurse’s communication is an important factor in nursing care. In my practice I usually communicate with other health professional regarding the most effective intervention for the client, like referring them to a specialist or to a social worker, helping the client achieve the optimal health status possible.The nurse has significant responsibility as a supervisor of delegated or assigned activities. Each person involved in this process is accountable for his or her own actions or inaction and is potentially liable if competent and safe care is not provided. Certainly, the educational p reparation and demonstrated ability of the person who will perform the designated act must be evaluated by the nurse making the decision to delegate tasks to others. In my practice decision to delegate essentially involves the use of the nursing process, i. e. appropriate assessment of the circumstances (staff available and patient acuity), planning, implementation, and evaluation by the delegator. It is up to me to make a professional judgment based upon the information available for me in each specific situation. Every day, nurses are responsible for the health and well-being of their patients. Regardless of specialty or work setting, perform basic duties that include treating patients, educating patients and the public about various medical conditions, and providing advice and emotional support to patients' family members.Doing this roles of nurses are basically the same in any work setting, with my education and experience I am very confident that I can do this roles when I prac tice as a registered nurse here in Canada, although there are some anxiety involved regarding the whole process, but I feel confident that I can do the job because I already have the experience being a licensed practical nurse first then moving up to becoming a registered nurse plus my previous experience as a registered nurse in the Philippines. The management and leadership competencies that I currently possess, and comfortable of using is communication.Because I am a type of person that is very organized and to be able to achieve this is to have a good communication with other members of the team, and I am very comfortable in speaking the English language because back home in the Philippines we are use to using English as a medium for instruction so there not much adjustment on my part. Barriers for this competency that might challenge me is the possibility of sending or receiving incorrect messages. So it is essential that we know the key components of the communication process, how to improve our skills, and the potential problems that exist with errors in communication.After I graduates from nursing school and gets my Registered Nurse (RN) license in the Philippines, somehow I got to possess some fundamental leadership skills to apply to direct patient care. I would identify more to a directive autocrat type of leadership, because for me it would be more effective to direct each team member to do a specific task to complete, ensuring that command and supervision as to what to do, and see to it that it gets completed accordingly. Positive side of this type of leadership is that the nurse leader tries to ensure that the whole unite works as a team to get the tasks done.

Management Skills Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Skills - Case Study Example I am a company man and have been inspired by our company's long history of success and our stellar reputation. However, this has never proven very effective in my dealing with Eddie. I have made a plan to appeal to Eddie's confidence, materialism, and sense of independence. Eddie is motivated by material gain, but it is currently tied to his individual performance. Using task theory, I plan to tie Eddie's pay to organizational level criteria, such as company revenue and business growth (Miner, 1993, p. 27). This will be accompanied by the new title of 'Revenue Coordinator'. This will instill a new sense of importance in Eddie, and he will begin to use his team to accomplish company goals, rather than simply meeting departmental quotas. Eddie's team has complained that he is micro-managing them and they are resentful. I point out to Eddie that he is a top performer and that the other team members are somewhat jealous and intimidated by him, and they dislike him telling them 'how to do their job'. I suggest to Eddie that he create a system of recognition to honor the team member that most excels on a weekly and monthly basis. The reward will be in the form of a prize or merchandise that the winner can select.

Stake holder and share holder- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stake holder and share holder- - Essay Example Most corporations run through the watch of shareholders. The shareholders demand obligations from the management of the firm. The shareholders have a say in the corporation depending on their share prices. The level of their financial measure in the corporation determines their level of influence. Shareholders share the profits of the company based on the percentage of their shares. It also applies to losses. Stakeholders are individuals who have interests in the corporation. The company has no obligation towards the stakeholders. Employees are the perfect example of stakeholders (James & Jerryl.1996, pp. 1-4). With the current world where globalization has taken effect, it is important for a company to pursue profitability. The corporations should fit themselves into the market economy using proper tools to maximize their profits. For good profitability, the company should have a certain responsibility, for example, social responsibility. It is evident responsibility, and profitability is contradictory, but they have to go together in any corporation. To ensure companies survive, they should produce high profits. The profits depend on the responsibility of the networks within the corporation, such as the people (Reed & Freeman, 1983, pp. 1-19). In most cases, shareholders emphasize on profitability over responsibility. It is the perspective of the shareholders. The shareholders believe the corporations have full control from the owners. They attribute the companys success to factors such as share price, economic profits, and dividends. In addition, they rely on the management to give in their best, for great success of the corporation. The shareholders do not believe responsibility will make the corporation attain success. Any society will not measure the companys success by their level of social responsibility, according to the shareholders perspective. Furthermore, their perspective does recognize the

Financial managerment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial managerment - Essay Example Overhead Cost driver ?’000 Percentage Overheads cost Ouse Lendal Clifton Ouse Lendal Clifton Set up costs Number of production runs 350,000 30% 20% 50% 105,000 70,000 175,000 Machine related costs Number of machine hours 900,000 23% 18% 59% 211,765 158,823 529,412 Receiving costs Number of receipts 350,000 7% 10% 83% 25,000 35,000 290,000 Packing Number of deliveries 650,000 36% 14% 50% 234,000 91,000 325,000 Engineering Number of production runs 750,000 30% 20% 50% 225,000 150,000 375,000 800,765 504,823 1,694,412 Overheads Cost per Unit: Per unit Overhead cost = Overheads absorbed / Production volume Production volume (units) Overheads absorbed (?) Per Unit Overhead Cost (?) Ouse 9,000 800,765 89 Lendal 3,000 504,823 168 Clifton 1,500 1,694,412 1130 Cost Per Unit and Profit per Unit: Ouse Lendal Clifton Direct Material Cost per Unit (?) 30 40 15 Direct Labour Cost per Unit (?) 40 60 40 Overheads Cost per Unit (?) 89 168 1130 Total Per Unit Cost (?) 159 268 1185 Selling price per unit (?) 300 400 500 Total Direct Labour Cost (?) (159) (268) (1185) Profit per Unit (?) 141 132 (685) TASK 2: Traditional Full Costing: Full costing is defined as a method of costing of products in which all the manufacturing costs are included in the cost of the products being manufactured. The raw materials, direct labour involved in the production of the product and all fixed and variable products become the part of the items produced. Full costing is also termed as absorption costing. Activity Based Costing: Activity Based Costing is a costing method in which the consumption of resources are traced first and then charged to final products. However, the resources are not directly assigned to manufacturing products in this costing... Direct material cost and direct labour cost are allocated to the products in a similar way in both types of costing methods. These cost elements are allocated to the products as per their production volume. Each of these elements is allocated to each unit of the product that is manufactured. However, the overheads are absorbed in both of these products differently. In full costing method, the traditional approach is adopted while allocating costs to the product units. The approach is simple in which the resources are assigned directly to the units produced. A single volume measure is usually selected on the basis of which all overhead costs are allocated to the products. Thus, this allocation may depend upon a volume measure which may not be suitable for the purpose. Consequently, allocation of overheads may not be suitable and may reflect unrealistic cost of the products. In Activity Based Costing methodology, the overhead costs are accumulated and assigned to the activities of the production and non-production departments. The costs of these departments are then allocated to the product units.

Aggragate at Risk, Teen Pregnancy, Connersville IN, Fayette County Essay

Aggragate at Risk, Teen Pregnancy, Connersville IN, Fayette County - Essay Example According to the 2010 census, the population of Connersville was estimated to be 12,282. At the same time, Connersville contained 5,573 housing units. In addition, the township covers an area of 32.77 square miles, which is equivalent to 84.9Â  km2. (Census, 2013). Students in the area, as young as those in the eight grade get pregnant (FRHS, 2013). Teen pregnancy often leads to a lot of hardships for the mother who is yet to finish her education, to those who take care of the toddlers such as grandparents or babysitters. In addition, babies require a lot of expenses. The rise in teen pregnancy can be attributed to various factors. In light of this, Connersville is widely affected by poverty, lack of employment and the lack of education. Most of the teens that are affected by teen pregnancies are from families that are affected by some of these problems. It is anticipated that more job opportunities in Connersville would contribute greatly in bringing more businesses to the town leading to a reduction in poverty. Since the shutdown of Visteon, business has tremendously gone down. On the other hand, lack of teen pregnancy control could be attributed to the lack of education in Connersville. The lack of employment and businesses has a direct imp act on the levels of income leading to the underutilization of education in the region. It is in this context that Coley and Chase-Lansdale (1998) acknowledged that teen pregnancies are as high as the levels of poverty. There is, thus, a great need for jobs and education for the entire population (FRHS, 2013) If the Township could incorporate more activities or even fun places for students, the rate of teen pregnancy would be lower. Sex education and the physical as well as emotional risks that are associated with teen sex need to be taught in high schools. According to FRHS (2013), Counties that offer education on the risks involved as well as safe sex have lower pregnancy rates. The FamilyScape

Style and history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Style and history - Assignment Example Moreover, this era’s furniture was durable (Victorian Interior Design.2014). Fabrics used during the Victorian era for the bedroom mainly consisted of polyester, velvet, brocade and damask. Heavy embroidery was also used because of the preference in ornamentals. Muslins and chintz were also used mainly in summer in the Victorian era. The widely used colors in the Victorian era were deep red, gold, and dark green. These deep colors were usually mixed together for dramatization. For example, the Victorian era decorators would use corresponding and contrasting colors together (Plante, 1995). Window treatments in this era consisted of curtains and draperies. These were made from heavy and large fabrics. The designs of the curtains were pleated and put inside golden made curtain rods. Since the Victorians loved magnificence, the silk or wool fabrics were mixed with the curtains. Victorian era lighting was decorative and captivating. They mainly used chandeliers, table lamps and tiffany lamps. Candelabras were also big in this era and were decorated with brass or Marble on the edges to illuminate with the light and give beautiful light. Victorian Interior Design Ideas - Get an Authentic Look. (n.d.). Interior Design it Yourself.com. Retrieved October 21, 2014, from

Source analysis assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Source analysis assignment - Essay Example The other issue is the creation of dehumanizing climate, which acts as a malarial swamp thus infecting everybody reading the content when it comes to the view of the Arab world, Islam and Middle East as a whole. The sources leave many questions like who went, where that person went and why that person went answered. The sources reveal the problems by pointing them out and solve them by addressing them in that people now start to look on the opposite side of the stories given by media regarding Middle East. It is obvious that the three sources in subject represent particular bias towards the Middle East as everything centers towards Middle East. The sources are useful in that they help people argue about the reasons behind the American media displaying Middle East negatively and at the same time give history for different issues. The sources have especially been useful to the Muslims and entire Middle East fraternity. The fact that they are internet history sources, they must be very reliable adding to it that the renowned authors write good pieces of history. Edward Said’s arguments are the main evidence supporting the sources. The evidence that the media provides however contradicts the sources and therefore bring about arguments just as Edward said

Requirement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Requirement Analysis - Essay Example These assumptions are being made for the problem tracking phase for BIA organization considering the various facts and measures collected in requirement elicitation phase. The assumptions made so far regarding the requirements collected are: This involves the operations of the business with regard to the constraints that it receives. BIA is supposed to be well aware of information its stakeholders have provided us about the organization and its financials as well. These are technical issues that are deemed to be affecting the business. Our group is supposed to value their working criteria’s and propose better solution for the problems encountered by BIA because we have selected this approach. These requirements involve the following collected data from BIA stakeholders. Through understanding of the constraints that are at hand, there is need to verify the requirements through the use problem tracking system that is viable to the business needs. All the requirements are verified on base of cross checking of their recorded illustrations. Further a details analysis is being done through their website and other case studies for exactness of collected data. Our group discussed the whole information gathered and performed analysis on the collected facts individually and then this data is merged together. All the gathered requirements are validated on the following results proposed by understanding overall working of BIA. Owing to the results gathered by detail analysis and information gathering from key stake holders the following solutions are proposed for the organization for more effective going of this